Time clauses

• Time clauses use the form of the present simple to refer to future time.
  • We´ll talk(the future tense) about it when you arrive(present time).
  • As soon as the film finishes we´ll go home.
  • I´ll wait until you are ready.
  • After we paint the wall we´ll have a rest.
  • I´ll have a lunch before I start work.
  • By the time we get there it´ll be dark.
  • Once the dog gets used to you, it won´t bark.
  • Whenever I feel depressed, I´ll call you.
  • Let me know the moment you see him.
  • Can you water the flowers while I am away?

Possible variations:

• I´m going to travel the world before I get too old.
• As soon as the lesson finishes, I´m leaving.
• After she finishes school, she wants to go to university.

Time clauses emphasizing completion:

• When the painters have finished the rooms, they´ll leave.
• When I have finished my homework, I´ll take the dog out.
• Don´t leave until we have settled the matter. (dokud není ta záležitost vyřešená)

Other time clauses:

• When / After he had put (dokonavost) the phone down he started to laugh.
• By the time they got to the station the train had left.
• Hurry up! By the time we get to the station the train will have left.
• (Just) as I was passing his house I heard a noise.
• While I was having a bath, the phone rang.
• Since they got married, they have moved house twice.
• It´s (been) ages since I last drove a car.
• We´ll wait until it gets dark / it has got dark.

TIME WORDS

• TILL/ UNTIL × TO
  • I´ll wait till / until 5. I´ll wait till / until you come.
  • We have lunch break from 12 to / till 1.
• TILL / UNTIL× BY
  • Hand in your essays by Friday. = lhůta, někdo odevzdá ve středu, pátek je lhůta
  • Stay here till 5. = continuing state
  • May I stay here till Monday?
• STILL × YET × ALREADY
  • I think you are wrong. I still think you are wrong. = a continuing state
  • I can´t decide. I still can´t decide.
  • Is my coat dry yet?(už) Not yet?(ještě ne)
  • Is my coat dry already? = surprise  – That´s quick.

PRESENT TIME

• What are you up to these days?
• He´s out of work at the moment.
• Nowadays (v souč.době) more women have carriers. = in contrast with what things used to be
• He is currently having talks in China.

FUTURE TIME

!!! presently, shortly = soon

I´ll be with you presently. – směřováno do budoucnosti

• tomorrow, the day after tomorrow
• next Sunday, the Sunday after next
• see you later / afterwards / after that
• Come at 3. I´ll be free then. – v tu dobu
• One day I´ll be rich.
• What comes next ? Co přijde teď?
• They´ll take us over before long. – zanedlouho
• this time next week – touto dobou příští týden
• in an hour- za hodinu
• in two weeks (time) – za 2 týdny
• in the future – v budoucnosti × in future – pro příště – Be more careful in future.

PAST TIME

• yesterday, the day before yesterday
• last Sunday, the Sunday before last
• a week ago
• long ago – před dlouhou dobou
• once upon a time…there was a king
• in ancient times…people used to believe in ghosts; in the old days– v dávných dobách
• I lived there once. Kdysi jsem tam bydlel.
• I have only been there once (twice..). – jedenkrát
• this time last week
• we have met before / we have already met
• she lived there for 4 years – žila × she has lived there for 4 years – žije
• I´ve been feeling ill lately (pouze předpřít.čas) / recently (předpřít. i min.čas)
• I met them recently / the other day. – onehdy
• They met in 1980. He was a student then / in those days / at that time.
• earlier + jednod.min.čas – I made the dinner earlier, let´s warm it up.
• He met her one day in the park. – jednoho dne
  • At first / In the beginning I thought it was raining, but I was wrong. – ze začátku
  • At the beginning, at the end of a lesson means when the lesson begins or ends. – „techn. označení“
• I´m afraid they´ll tear the house down in the end / eventually / finally.
  • At last the taxi has arrived. – konečně – suggests relief- úleva

Frequency: They seldom / hardly ever / rarely ask for my advice.

• hourly – adj. / adv.:
• She changes her mind hourly. = every hour (adv.)
• There are hourly flights to London.

He is always / continually / constantly complaining. = zlobí nás to

• Continual complaining = repeated constantly × continuous rain = without stopping