Clauses of purpose (účelové věty)

1. Prosím, abys jí pomohl. = VV předmětná – object.clause
2. Je důležité, abys jí pomohl. = VV podmětná – subj.clause
3. Jsi tu abys jí pomohl. = VV účelová

The police locked the door, so that nobody could get in.
Jack went to England to study engineering.
=the subjects have     = the infinitive of purpose
To be the same
Jack went to England to / in order to / so as to study engineering. =POSITIVE SENTENCES
He went to England so as not to / in order not to forget his English. = NEGATIVE SENTENCE

• • Vezmi si mapu abys nezabloudil.
  • Take a map in case you(taking precaution)- pro případ / so as not to get lost.

A False clause of purpose

• He was running fast only to discover that the train had left.
• I´ll do everything so that you won´t complain.
• = I´ll do everything to prevent (from) you complaining.
• I´ll do everything so that you´ll / to make you feel comfortable.

Formal

• She speaks /spoke low for fear that they may / might overhear her.
• She gets / got up early lest (aby ne) she should miss the train.

“FOR“describes how things are used:

• This button is for starting the machine. – nepatří do účel.souvětí

CLAUSES OF REASON (příčinné v.)

• He didn´t go to the meeting because he wasn´t interested.
• As it is february we are nearer to spring. = něco co je obecně známé, východisko sdělení
• As it is your birthday we brought you some flowers. × We brought you some flowers, because it is your birthday. -NE!!!
• God forgive them for they know not what they do. – dated and literary -zastaralé a knižní

Prepositions of reason:

The match was cancelled because of / due to / owing to / on account of the bad weather.

CLAUSES OF RESULT

• They lied to me and so / so that / that´s why / for that reason / as a result / therefore / consequently I don´t trust them any more. = v důsledku toho
• He is so (+adj.) tall that he always hits his head on the door.
• She is such (+noun) a busy person that she´s never bored.
• The table is too heavy for me to lift.
• I´m not strong enough to lift the table.
• The tea is too hot to drink it.  -NE!!!

CLAUSES OF CONTRAST (odporovací) AND CONSESSION (přípustkové)

• Although / Though / Even though / Even if you don´t like him, you still can be polite.
• Jill is good at running while / whilst / whereas his sister is good at jumping.
• He runs fast. But he didn´t win.
  • However, / Nevertheless, he didn´t win.
• He didn´t, though. /, however. /, nevertheless.
• Inspite of / Despite running fast he didn´t win.
• She was injured. She won the race.
• Despite / inspite of  +  noun /-ing
• Despite her injury / being injured she won the race.
• Whatever you do / No matter what you do, don´t touch those wires.
• Kdo přijde, ať počká. Whoever comes / No matter who comes tell them to wait.
• No matter how / However much they liked each other they quarrelled a lot.

CLAUSES OF COMPARISON

• He looks as if he didn´t know me. = but he does
• You look as if you are happy. = you are obviously
• You look as if you have been running.
• She looked as if she had seen a ghost.
• They looked at me as if / like I was crazy.